TASK 4 : PRESENTATION

 

QUESTIONS :

2. What do you do, in order to know your audience ?
3. What is "structure" in the second point on the YouTube video ?
4. Do you agree to do repetition on the presentation?
5. What does it mean to be authentic, whlist doing presentation?
6. When will you start practicing presentation?

ANSWERS :

1. We have seen our audience, and than the next step we adjust the presentation style or model to our audience. In example, when we presented in front of high school students, then we present casually and when in front of superiors it would be better to be serious.
2. Structure is a kind of summary of ideas from our presentation, so the audience can understand our ideas easil very well.
3. Yes, i'm very agree to do repetition in presentation. Because it makes the audience more understanding about the material of presentation, so the ideas will be fluently to be present and remember it.
4. Authentic is meaning that we have to be ourselves while we do presentation, because it will make more comfortable for we and the audience can see that feels too. Also, the ideas or material in presentation will explained very well and delivered to audience.
5. Maybe I will practicing the day before doing presentation, so i can prepared the material and lern the material, so I can explain that idea because i really know about what the material or ideas that i presented.

History Of P&H Mining Equipment

From the video that I saw yesterday, I want retell about a history of P&H Mining Equipment.

So, enjoy it guys 😄 Happy reading. I hope you all like it.

P&H mining equipment began as a small mechine and pattern shop of the first day of December in 1884. It was a partnership between Chicago born industrialpattern maker Alonzo Pauling and German immigrant and machinist Henry Harnish voguer. Although they were relatively young industrial artisans Alonzo was 27, while Henry was 29. The machine and pattern shop partners were otherwise smart and steady manufacturing veterans in the bustling industrial town of Milwaukee. At the first the little Pauling and Harnish burger shop specialized in making parts and machines for major industrial firm in Old Milwaukee steam engine poppet velves, for example steamship steering gears and beer kegs sealing machines.

In 1887 Pauling and Harnish Hager rebuilt a damaged bridge crane for the Edward P Allis manufacturing company. They made the workings more rugged and easy to operate maintain soon after hauling and Harnish began building more such trains for railroad repair shops and factories. Suddenly Alonso and Hanry had a product of their own. They began to expand their business to meet the growing demand for bridge cranes. Around this time growing numbers of repeat customers began referring to Pauling and Harnish maker a simply P&H. They were impressed with the exceptional quality and service. They obtained from the small machine and pattern shop. Soon even Alonso and Henry began referring to their business as P&H. It was convenient and far easier to pronounce more important. The initial P&H had become symbolic of exceptional quality and service value for industrial material handling equipment. The year 1893 was important for Pauling and Harnish, when the Westinghouse Electric Company bought their rival the Gibbs Electric Company, Pauling and Harnish voguer were able to acquire all of Gibbs machinery for making motors and controls that enabled P&H to begin designing and building their own rugged line of AC and DC motors and controls matced to the demands placed upon their industrial cranes customers. P&H insisted on the very best product design and manufacturing process control. This was important priority that would result in even greater value for P&H customers going forwarded.

1893 was also a pivotal year because of a bank panic. That caused a man to fall for P&H cranes Alonso and Henry realized their product line might be too narrow to sustain cash flow and growth through the ups and downs of the business cycle. They began to look at digging machines as path toward better balance and business groeth. The very first earth altering P&H machines was the P&H T1 cutter tamper. It featured a ram action pavement cutter and also a tamper plate for pressing loose material back into place or pipeline installation projects. Among the first P&H earth moving machines were trenchers for installing water pipelines. These were powerful and productive machines and they were just the start of an effort that would continue to again strength and deliver great value for contruction and mining operations. In 1920 the firm rolled out a Power Shovel called P&H model 206. This was a gem of a digging machine powered by the customers choice of a Waukesha gasoline engine a Buda diesel engine or a P&H electric motor. The P&H 206 had a dipper capacity of just ½ cubic yard. It is payload was all of 500 pounds. It was a rugged well-built easy to operate and easy to maintain digging mechine demand for P&H 206 shovels soared as P&H estabilished the national and later a global distribution and service support network by the middle of roaring 20s P&H 206 were being shipped to faraway Bombay India. P&H factory was humming with activity and P&H engineering was busy designing even more advanced digging and lifting. Machines P&H model 300 convertibles appeared in 1927.

They featured a common lower works crawler system upon which the customer could choose from several option including Power Sshovel dragline clamshell piledriver construction crane and skim scoop hauling in Harnish Vaguer knew their ability to succeed required applying only the very best people materials manufacturing methods and process control. You buy a shovel or crane for one purpose and that is to handle materials at the lowest possible cost. They declared in a product brochure in the final analysis the purchase of a shovel or crane is unimportant but the cost every yard important. They insisted P&H customers saw the logic and the great value in that position their P&H shovels and crane performed far better than similar machines built by other firms the value of the P&H brand was growing ever stronger P&H machines were a riveted steel plate design until the early 1930s that is when P&H transformed the entire product line to an all welded design advantages were clear compelling all walded machines were lighter and tougher for greater pay loads making possible far lower cost every tonne performance. Some of the first all walded P&H shovels went to work for works progress administration construction project during the great depression years of the 1930s it was alsoduring the 1930s that P&H began to apply Ward Lennard DC drive systems to its shovels for faster digging and less fatigue for the shovel operator great strength and endurance and sore mescles and fatigue had been a normal part of the job of the shovel crane operator as large levers needed to be pushed and pulled to operate the machine. Ward Lennard drive system changed all that and made possible greater tonnage every hour for the mine and contruction site with the outbreak of world war 2 in 1939.

The P&H  factory slowly returned to full production once again following the difficult depression era decade. P&H employees concentrated on building crane and welding machines for industry and electric shovel for the mining industry. By 1942 the factory was at full strength and shipping large volumes of equipment for the war effort P&H contruction equipment helped build port and runways and battle damaged bridges during the conflict that ended in 1945. During the 1950s P&H continued to refine its shovels for greater productivity and reliability performance. In 1968 P&H introduced what would become one of its finest  ever electric mining shovels. The first three P&H 2800 went to work for a metallurgical coal mine in Western Canada. Their durability and productivity was such that they were still moving large volumes of material for that mine over 20 years later. P&H began making crawler mounted drag lines back in 1920. In fact P&H is belived to have introduced the first gas engine powered drag line. However credit for the first walking type drag line belongs to John W pages founder of the page engineering company based in Chicago in 1903. P&H in 1988 purchased the page engineering walking dragline product line to broaden its equipment solutions for the mining industry. P&H engineer and manufacturing specialist soon applied voice of customer inputs to developed an all-new 60 meter class P&H 90 20 walking dragline. Soon after the first 90 20 went into service  of 1996 several more were deployed to coal mines in Australia in Canada, thanks to the exceptional productivity and ease of maintenance value they provide. In 1991 P&H acquired the drilling rig product line of gardner-denver to further increase the range of valuable cost reducing solutions  from P&H for surface mining operations as they did with walking draglines, P&H engineers and manufacturing personnel  began combining voice of customer suggestions  with P&H know how to develop increasingly valuable drilling  rigs for hard rock mining operations. The P&H 320 X PC is the latest example of this process, it is one of the standout drilling machines available today in iron ore copper and matallurgical coal operations, also in 1991 P&H responded to the arrival a new generation of high-capacity haul trucks by introducing the P&H 4100 X PC electric shovel built P&H tough for the demanding mining operations the P&H 4100 also features time-saving maintenance friendly systems or lower cost mining operations. By the year 2009 and the 125th anniversary of P&H mining equipment P&H 4100 class shovel placements were fast closing in on the record placement of P&H 2800 class shovels AC Drive and P&H 4100 C Boss and 4100 X PC shovels are now the next generations loading tools of choice for high performance mining operations also on the near horizon are the P&H in pit crushing conveying systems that can provide many minds with an attractive alternative to truck based mature handling at the heart of the P&H crush convey system is a mobile mining crusher matched to a P&H shovel and designed for optimized production and maintenance management.

P&H Mining Equipment is proud to have evolved and excelled over the course of 125 years since our founding in 1884, our co-founders Alonzo Pawling and Henry Harnischfeger set us on a course for success, thanks to their focus on crafstmanship. They also had a tenacious purpose to provide our customers with the best quality and service, their high standards attracted not only legions of devoted customers for P&H equipment but also thousands of great employees over the course of our history through the good time and the challenging times, our employees have found ways to maneuver to overcome adversity and to create highly valuable solutions for our P&H customers that focus on excellence.  Continues to this day, we look back with pride on the P&H journey across 125 years and we look forward with exciment as we strive for ever higher quality and service performance behalf of our custom.

TASK 2 : COPPER ORE

 

Processing Of Copper Ore

1.      Mining

The ore is removed from the ground in either open pit or underground mines. Underground – singking a vertical shaft into the earth to reach the copper ore and driving horizontal tunnels into the ore. Open Pit – 90% of ore is mined using the open pit method. Ores near the surface can be quarried after removal of the surface layers.

2.      The Ore

An ore is a rock than contains enough metal to make it worthwhile extracting

3.      Transport Of Ore

After mining the copper ore, the ore will be transported with a dump truck and brought to the processing plant.

4.      Crushing

The ore crushed into smaller sizes.

5.      Grinding

After the ore is crushed, then ground into powder. 

6.      Concentrating

The ore is enriched using a process called froth flotation. Unwanted material (called gangue) sinks to the bottom and is removed.

7.      Roasting

This is where the chemical reactions start. The powdered, enriched ore is heated  in air between 500°C and 700°C to remove some Sulphur and dry the ore, which is still a solid called calcine.

8.      Leaching

Leaching offers an alternative to copper mining. First, the ore is treated with dilute sulphuric acid. This trickles slowly down through the ore, over a period of months, dissolving copper to form a weak solution of copper sulphate. The copper is then recovered by electrolysis. This process is known as SX-EW (solvent extraction/electrowinning). In this proses, there is a separation between tailing and pure copper. 

 

Plant In The Processing Of Copper Ore

1.      Haul Truck

2.      Primary Crusher

3.      Conveyor Belt

4.      Sag Mill

5.      Ball Mill

6.      Pneumatic Flotation Cell

7.      Tailings Thickener

Copper In Daily Life
1.      Wall Clocks and Watches
Due to the non-magnetic nature of copper they do not interfere with the operation of small mechanical devices. As a result, watchmakers use a lot of copper pins and wheels in their watch designs. 

 2.      For a basic home furnishing material 

3.      For mixture of bronze and silver medals

4.      Musical Instruments 

Copper alloys such as brass are used to make trumpet, trombone, and saxophone instruments due to their corrosion resistance and anti-bacterial properties. 

5.      Electronic
The benefits of copper in the electricity sector are arguably very vital. Apart from silver, copper is the most effective conductor of electricity. This is due to its resistance to corrosion, ductility, flexibility and ability to conduct strong electric currents, making it ideal for making electrical cables. Almost all electrical wiring, except for the overhead power lines (which are made of aluminum because they are lighter) is formed from copper. The busbar, which is the power distribution conductor, transformer, and motor windings (dynamo) also all depends on the conductivity of the copper. Because of its effectiveness as a conductor of electricity, the efficiency value of a transformer made of copper can reach 99.75 percent.
6.      Health Copper
in the health sector, is a mineral needed by the human body. Copper minerals help the human body's metabolism to produce energy. So, if a person weighs 70 kg, approximately 72 mg of copper for his body. In addition to metabolism, copper is also needed for certain conditions in the human body. For example, the need for copper for people who have hypertension and heart disease caused by cholesterol. In addition, copper is also needed to prevent osteoporosis, collagen production, maintain immunity and antioxidant properties.
7.      Construction
In the building sector, copper pipe is now the standard material for drinking water pipes and heating systems in most developed countries. Here copper is used because of its bacteriostatic properties, or in other words the ability of copper to inhibit the growth of bacteria and viruses in water. Another benefit of copper in the construction sector is as a tubing material because of its malleability and soldering which can be easily bent and assembled, as well as its resistance to corrosion caused by extreme temperatures. Copper and its alloys are also considered to be the most stable and corrosion resistant, making them ideal for use not only in the manufacture of drinking water (fresh water) pipes but also pipes in contact with sea water (salt water).
8.      Transportation

The benefits of copper in the transportation sector can be seen in the core components of aircraft, trains, cars and ships all depending on the electrical and thermal properties of copper. In automobiles, copper, brass, and oil coolers have been industry standards since the 1970s. Recently, the increasing use of electronic components, including onboard navigation systems, anti-lock braking systems and heat-resistant seats, has continued to increase the demand for this metal.

my youtube chanel : https://youtu.be/3tAxIhZKVf8

MINING TOPIC : THE EARTH -NATURE'S STOREHOUSE

 DIG A LITTLE DEEPER

1. What does the word concentrate mean? Why is it important to have mineral concentrated in one place rather than scattered all around? What process help in concentrating mineral resources?

In mining, concentrate is partially purified ore. It is produced by mixing ground ore with water and blowing air bubbles through the water. These carry mineral particles to the surface. This is the final purely mechanical step in the process, and is the output of mining as such. As such, concentrate production is a measure of the output of a mine (or mines). The concentrate is then smelted to produce pure metal. Smelting is a thermal (the molten metal separates from the solids and gases that result) and chemical process (thermal decomposition f metal compounds, oxidisation of carbon, etc.). why is it important? Because In order to effectively mine/gather various minerals (elements) it’s very important that they are concentrated. We know there is gold in every gallon of sea water, but it’s so little that it’s not possible to extract gold from water and make it profitable. On the other hand during the goldrush people could find many oz of gold in rivers and make a good coin (keep in mind only a very small fraction actually made enough gold though). This is just as true with Iron, Silicon, Aluminium, Uranium and rare earth metals. What we can conclude is that there are natural forces that causing minerals to concentrate. Gold tend to ‘clump’ together and being transported with quarts through cracks in rock to solidify as the mixture cools down, without this there would not have been any real gold resources on the planet. Other metals like Nickel is believed to be concentrated due to impact of large meteorites. Iron got concentrated when microorganisms started to produce oxygen, causing iron to rust (Fe2O3) to settle at the bottom of the sea for them to be part of the sediment layers. I think the conclusion is that various mechanisms cause different minerals to concentrate in different ways and different places in high enough concentration where mining is financially sane. The distribution is very heavily dependent on tectonic activities, and where you find gold today might be gone in 100,000,000 years and other areas will see new minerals being concentrated.a.    

          2. Name at least 3 important natural resources that can be found in your state. Why are these important ? 

   The most important minerals found and produced in Indonesia are tin, bauxite, nickel, gold and copper.Contribution of the mining industry to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Indonesia. 4.98%Proven gas reserves in Indonesia at the end of 2019. 1.4tr cubic meter.Estimated production volume of nickel in Indonesia. Indonesia is a globally leading exporetr of tin and thermal coal. 

     3. Pick out your favorite clothes. Look at the tags sewn inside and learn if they are made from natural fibers, synthetic fiber or both. List the fibers used to make your clothes. How did minerals play a part in the making of your clothes?

      Most items such as clothes, bags, shoes, jacket, etc are made from synthetic fiber. Nylon is synthesized from coal, water, and air. The fiber consists of minerals silica mixed with oxides of alumunium, calcium, boron, and magnesium. The importance of alum as a natural mordant in textile dyeing is explained. The history of alum mineral processing was reviewed to emphasise on the heritage knowledge inherited by current trends in fashion technology and textile engineering. The review will also demonstrate the conservative environmental preservation nature of alum mineral as mordant. The need for modern evaluation of natural dyes and mordants will be highlighted Alum was known as one of the most imperative components of textile industry before the introduction of chemical dyes in the 1850s. Its significance could be explored when studying thealum quarrying and trade in several geographical areas . In literature, interesting notes on alum as a mordant for textile dyeing of yarn, cloth and leather in North America, China, Libya, Russia and Turkey could be found. In England, for instance alum was imported mainly from Papal and Spanish mines during the 16th.

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